【本篇學習重點】

1. 肝性腹水是因嚴重肝病導致水分排不出體外。
2. 肝性腹水常見症狀有體重增加、腹圍變大、下肢水腫。
3. 需採低鹽飲食，必要時經醫師評估使用利尿劑進行治療。

1. 如您有飲酒習慣，請戒酒。
2. 採低鹽飲食，建議您每天鈉的攝取量小於2,000毫克，必要時依醫生指示下需限制水份攝取，或更少量的鈉攝取。(延伸閱讀：低鈉飲食)
3. 醫師會依您的疾病狀況評估使用利尿劑或注射白蛋白。
4. 醫師會評估您腹水的狀況，決定施行單次腹腔放液術(抽腹水)或放置引流管引流腹水。
5.  如您併發自發性細菌性腹膜炎，將依醫生指示下使用抗生素治療。

1. 衛生福利部國民健康署（2014，7月）· 減鹽秘笈手冊。https://www.hpa.gov.tw/File/Attach/6648/File_6235.pdf
2. Adebayo, D., Neong, S. F., & Wong, F. (2019). Refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 114(1), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41395-018-0185-6
3. Aithal, G. P., Palaniyappan, N., China, L., Härmälä, S., Macken, L., Ryan, J. M., Wilkes, E. A., Moore, K., Leithead, J. A., Hayes, P. C., O'Brien, A. J., & Verma, S. (2021). Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut, 70(1), 9-29. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321790.
4. Benmassaoud, A., Freeman, S. C., Roccarina, D., Plaz Torres, M. C., Sutton, A. J., Cooper, N. J., Iogna Prat, L., Cowlin, M., Milne, E. J., Hawkins, N., Davidson, B. R., Pavlov, C. S., Thorburn, D., Tsochatzis, E.,& Gurusamy, K. S. (2020). Treatment for ascites in adults with decompensated liver cirrhosis: A network meta-analysis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1(1), CD013123. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013123.pub2
5. Simonetti, R. G., Perricone, G., Nikolova, D., Bjelakovic, G., & Gluud, C. (2019). Plasma expanders for people with cirrhosis and large ascites treated with abdominal paracentesis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6(6), CD004039. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004039.pub2
6. Will, V., Rodrigues, S. G., & Berzigotti, A. (2022). Current treatment options of refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Digestive and liver disease, 54(8), 1007–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2021.12.007